UROLOGY: THE FACTS

Heterosexual men who undergo medical circumcision can significantly reduce their risk of acquiring two common sexually transmitted infections — herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), the cause of genital herpes, and human papillomavirus (HPV), which can cause cancer and genital warts, according to a report in the March 26 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM).

• The study results showed that BMI, waist circumference, and weight are positively associated with people’s risk of developing incident kidney stones. And patients who are obese or overweight are more likely to have urinary risk factors for stone formation, including higher calcium, oxalate, and urate excretions.
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Cigarette smoking is a recognized risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC, or kidney cancer).

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• While it’s true that prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men, most men with prostate cancer do not die from it. In fact, prostate cancer has a five-year survival rate of 98%.

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People experiencing sleep apnea are more likely to experience erectile dysfunction than those without the condition. This may be due to changes in testosterone levels.

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In comparison to conventional surgery, robotic surgery tends to have less associated risk. Due to the level of precision, the surgeon can make smaller incisions, resulting in a significantly lower chance of scarring or blood loss. Since the da Vinci® robot is able to make such small incisions, it leaves behind minimal scarring.

Urine can also vary in color for a variety of reasons. Clear urine is a sign of good hydration and potential overhydration.

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Their function is to remove urea from the blood and get the urine into the bladder.